⚙️ System Parameters
⚡ Enter your load details and location. Peak sun hours are auto-filled based on your state but can be edited. All calculations follow MNRE technical guidelines.
Sum of all connected electrical loads
Average daily operational hours
Auto-filled; you may adjust for rooftop shading
📊 Solar System Design Report
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Installed Capacity (kWp)
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No. of Solar Panels
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Battery Bank (Units)
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Inverter Rating (kVA)
📐 Step-by-Step Calculations
🔧 System Components Specification
| Component | Specification | Quantity | Remarks |
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💰 Financial Analysis
📈 25-Year Cumulative Savings Projection
| Year | Annual Generation (kWh) | Annual Savings (₹) | Cumulative Savings (₹) | Net Position (₹) |
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🌿 Environmental Impact (25-year lifecycle)
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Tonnes CO₂ Saved
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Equivalent Trees Planted
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Total Units Generated (kWh)
📊 Estimated Monthly Energy Generation
🖼️ System Block Diagram
Solar Energy in India — Why It Matters
India receives solar energy equivalent to over 5,000 trillion kWh per year, far exceeding the total energy consumption of the country. The Government of India, through the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), has set an ambitious target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, with solar energy contributing the lion's share.
The National Solar Mission under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) has already led to massive cost reductions — solar tariffs in India have fallen from ₹18/kWh in 2010 to below ₹2.50/kWh in recent auctions, making solar the cheapest source of electricity in the country.
MNRE Design Guidelines
- Rooftop solar systems require BIS certified panels (IS 14286)
- Inverters must comply with IS 16221 / IEC 62109
- Grid-tied systems need net metering approval from DISCOM
- For systems >1 kW, structural load analysis of roof is required
- Lightning protection as per IS 2309 for systems >10 kW
- Earthing as per IS 3043; surge protection mandatory
- DC cable ratings: min 1.5× Isc of the string
- Annual Performance Ratio (PR) >75% recommended by MNRE
FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the cost of a 1 kW solar system in India in 2025?
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The cost of a 1 kWp on-grid rooftop solar system in India ranges from ₹55,000 to ₹75,000 (including installation, inverter, mounting structure and wiring). Off-grid systems with battery backup cost ₹80,000–₹1,20,000 per kWp. Prices vary by state, installer and component brand. Under PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, subsidies of up to ₹78,000 are available for residential rooftop systems up to 3 kW.
How many solar panels are needed for a 5 kW system?
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For a 5 kWp system using 400 Wp monocrystalline panels, you would need 13 panels (5000 Wp ÷ 400 Wp = 12.5, rounded up to 13). With 300 Wp panels, you need 17 panels. The actual number depends on the panel wattage and system losses factored in during design. Our calculator accounts for a 20% system derating factor as recommended by MNRE.
What is the difference between Grid-Tied, Off-Grid and Hybrid solar systems?
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Grid-Tied: Connected to the utility grid; excess power is exported and you earn credits (net metering). No battery storage — power cuts mean no solar generation either. Most cost-effective option.
Off-Grid: Completely independent of the grid. Requires battery bank for 24-hour supply. Best for remote locations without grid access.
Hybrid: Connected to grid AND has battery backup. Provides power during grid outages and can export surplus power. Most versatile but highest cost.
Off-Grid: Completely independent of the grid. Requires battery bank for 24-hour supply. Best for remote locations without grid access.
Hybrid: Connected to grid AND has battery backup. Provides power during grid outages and can export surplus power. Most versatile but highest cost.
What is the payback period for a rooftop solar system in India?
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Typical payback period for grid-tied rooftop solar in India is 4 to 7 years depending on your electricity tariff, location and system size. With the PM Surya Ghar subsidy, payback can be as low as 3 years. After payback, the system generates free electricity for the remaining 18–22 years of its 25-year life. Total 25-year ROI is typically 3x to 5x the initial investment.
How much CO₂ does a 5 kWp solar system save per year?
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A 5 kWp solar system in a location with 5 peak sun hours generates approximately 7,300 kWh per year (5 × 5 × 365 × 0.8 efficiency). The CO₂ emission factor for the Indian grid is approximately 0.82 kg CO₂/kWh (CEA Grid Emission Factor 2023). This gives a CO₂ saving of about 5.99 tonnes per year, equivalent to planting around 273 trees. Over a 25-year life, the system saves ~150 tonnes of CO₂.